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----
-title: "Tutorial 4: Connecting two machines over Ethernet"
-draft: false
----
-
-In this tutorial we will connect two machines over an Ethernet network
-using the eth-llc or eth-dix IPCPs. The eth-llc use of the IEEE 802.2
-Link Layer Control (LLC) service type 1 frame header. The eth-dix IPCP
-uses DIX (DEC, Intel, Xerox) Ethernet, also known as Ethernet II. Both
-provide a connectionless packet service with unacknowledged delivery.
-
-Make sure that you have an Ouroboros IRM daemon running on both
-machines:
-
-```
-$ sudo irmd --stdout
-```
-
-The eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs attach to an ethernet interface, which is
-specified by its device name. The device name can be found in a number
-of ways, we'll use the "ip" command here:
-
-```
-$ ip a
-1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
-group default qlen 1
-link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
-...
-2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast
-state UP group default qlen 1000
-link/ether fa:16:3e:42:00:38 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
-...
-3: ens6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast
-state UP group default qlen 1000
-link/ether fa:16:3e:00:76:c2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
-...
-```
-
-The output of this command differs between operating systems and
-distributions. The interface we need to use in our setup is "ens3" on
-both machines, but for you it may be something like "eth0" or
-"enp0s7f1" if you are on a wired LAN, or something like "wlan0" or
-"wlp2s0" if you are on a Wi-Fi network. For Wi-Fi networks, we
-recommend using the eth-dix.
-
-Usually the interface you will use is the one that has an IP address for
-your LAN set. Note that you do not need to have an IP address for this
-tutorial, but do make sure the interface is UP.
-
-Now that we know the interfaces to connect to the network with, let's
-start the eth-llc/eth-dix IPCPs. The eth-llc/eth-dix layers don't have
-an enrollment phase, all eth-llc IPCPs that are connected to the same
-Ethernet, will be part of the layer. For eth-dix IPCPs the layers can be
-separated by ethertype. The eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs can only be
-bootstrapped, so care must be taken by to provide the same hash
-algorithm to all eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs that should be in the same
-network. We use the default (256-bit SHA3) for the hash and 0xa000 for
-the Ethertype for the DIX IPCP. For our setup, it's the exact same
-command on both machines. You will likely need to set a different
-interface name on each machine. The irm tool allows abbreviated commands
-(it is modelled after the "ip" command), which we show here (both
-commands do the same):
-
-```
-node0: $ irm ipcp bootstrap type eth-llc name llc layer eth dev ens3
-node1: $ irm i b t eth-llc n llc l eth if ens3
-```
-
-Both IRM daemons should acknowledge the creation of the IPCP:
-
-```
-==26504== irmd(II): Ouroboros IPC Resource Manager daemon started...
-==26504== irmd(II): Created IPCP 27317.
-==27317== ipcpd/eth-llc(II): Using raw socket device.
-==27317== ipcpd/eth-llc(DB): Bootstrapped IPCP over Ethernet with LLC
-with pid 27317.
-==26504== irmd(II): Bootstrapped IPCP 27317 in layer eth.
-```
-
-If it failed, you may have mistyped the interface name, or your system
-may not have a valid raw packet API. We are using GNU/Linux machines, so
-the IPCP announces that it is using a [raw
-socket](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html) device. On
-OS X, the default is a [Berkeley Packet Filter
-(BPF)](http://www.manpages.info/macosx/bpf.4.html) device, and on
-FreeBSD, the default is a
-[netmap](http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/) device. See the
-[compilation options](/compopt) for more information on choosing the
-raw packet API.
-
-The Ethernet layer is ready to use. We will now create a normal layer
-on top of it, just like we did over the local layer in the second
-tutorial. We are showing some different ways of entering these
-commands on the two machines:
-
-```
-node0:
-$ irm ipcp bootstrap type normal name normal_0 layer normal_layer
-$ irm bind ipcp normal_0 name normal_0
-$ irm b i normal_0 n normal_layer
-$ irm register name normal_layer layer eth
-$ irm r n normal_0 l eth
-node1:
-$ irm ipcp enroll name normal_1 layer normal_layer autobind
-$ irm r n normal_layer l eth
-$ irm r n normal_1 l eth
-```
-
-The IPCPs should acknowledge the enrollment in their logs:
-
-```
-node0:
-==27452== enrollment(DB): Enrolling a new neighbor.
-==27452== enrollment(DB): Sending enrollment info (47 bytes).
-==27452== enrollment(DB): Neighbor enrollment successful.
-node1:
-==27720== enrollment(DB): Getting boot information.
-==27720== enrollment(DB): Received enrollment info (47 bytes).
-```
-
-You can now continue to set up a management flow and data transfer
-flow for the normal layer, like in tutorial 2. This concludes the
-fourth tutorial.