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+semver(1) -- The semantic versioner for npm
+===========================================
+
+## Install
+
+```bash
+npm install semver
+````
+
+## Usage
+
+As a node module:
+
+```js
+const semver = require('semver')
+
+semver.valid('1.2.3') // '1.2.3'
+semver.valid('a.b.c') // null
+semver.clean(' =v1.2.3 ') // '1.2.3'
+semver.satisfies('1.2.3', '1.x || >=2.5.0 || 5.0.0 - 7.2.3') // true
+semver.gt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // false
+semver.lt('1.2.3', '9.8.7') // true
+semver.minVersion('>=1.0.0') // '1.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('v2')) // '2.0.0'
+semver.valid(semver.coerce('42.6.7.9.3-alpha')) // '42.6.7'
+```
+
+As a command-line utility:
+
+```
+$ semver -h
+
+A JavaScript implementation of the https://semver.org/ specification
+Copyright Isaac Z. Schlueter
+
+Usage: semver [options] <version> [<version> [...]]
+Prints valid versions sorted by SemVer precedence
+
+Options:
+-r --range <range>
+ Print versions that match the specified range.
+
+-i --increment [<level>]
+ Increment a version by the specified level. Level can
+ be one of: major, minor, patch, premajor, preminor,
+ prepatch, or prerelease. Default level is 'patch'.
+ Only one version may be specified.
+
+--preid <identifier>
+ Identifier to be used to prefix premajor, preminor,
+ prepatch or prerelease version increments.
+
+-l --loose
+ Interpret versions and ranges loosely
+
+-p --include-prerelease
+ Always include prerelease versions in range matching
+
+-c --coerce
+ Coerce a string into SemVer if possible
+ (does not imply --loose)
+
+--rtl
+ Coerce version strings right to left
+
+--ltr
+ Coerce version strings left to right (default)
+
+Program exits successfully if any valid version satisfies
+all supplied ranges, and prints all satisfying versions.
+
+If no satisfying versions are found, then exits failure.
+
+Versions are printed in ascending order, so supplying
+multiple versions to the utility will just sort them.
+```
+
+## Versions
+
+A "version" is described by the `v2.0.0` specification found at
+<https://semver.org/>.
+
+A leading `"="` or `"v"` character is stripped off and ignored.
+
+## Ranges
+
+A `version range` is a set of `comparators` which specify versions
+that satisfy the range.
+
+A `comparator` is composed of an `operator` and a `version`. The set
+of primitive `operators` is:
+
+* `<` Less than
+* `<=` Less than or equal to
+* `>` Greater than
+* `>=` Greater than or equal to
+* `=` Equal. If no operator is specified, then equality is assumed,
+ so this operator is optional, but MAY be included.
+
+For example, the comparator `>=1.2.7` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, `2.5.3`, and `1.3.9`, but not the versions `1.2.6`
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+Comparators can be joined by whitespace to form a `comparator set`,
+which is satisfied by the **intersection** of all of the comparators
+it includes.
+
+A range is composed of one or more comparator sets, joined by `||`. A
+version matches a range if and only if every comparator in at least
+one of the `||`-separated comparator sets is satisfied by the version.
+
+For example, the range `>=1.2.7 <1.3.0` would match the versions
+`1.2.7`, `1.2.8`, and `1.2.99`, but not the versions `1.2.6`, `1.3.0`,
+or `1.1.0`.
+
+The range `1.2.7 || >=1.2.9 <2.0.0` would match the versions `1.2.7`,
+`1.2.9`, and `1.4.6`, but not the versions `1.2.8` or `2.0.0`.
+
+### Prerelease Tags
+
+If a version has a prerelease tag (for example, `1.2.3-alpha.3`) then
+it will only be allowed to satisfy comparator sets if at least one
+comparator with the same `[major, minor, patch]` tuple also has a
+prerelease tag.
+
+For example, the range `>1.2.3-alpha.3` would be allowed to match the
+version `1.2.3-alpha.7`, but it would *not* be satisfied by
+`3.4.5-alpha.9`, even though `3.4.5-alpha.9` is technically "greater
+than" `1.2.3-alpha.3` according to the SemVer sort rules. The version
+range only accepts prerelease tags on the `1.2.3` version. The
+version `3.4.5` *would* satisfy the range, because it does not have a
+prerelease flag, and `3.4.5` is greater than `1.2.3-alpha.7`.
+
+The purpose for this behavior is twofold. First, prerelease versions
+frequently are updated very quickly, and contain many breaking changes
+that are (by the author's design) not yet fit for public consumption.
+Therefore, by default, they are excluded from range matching
+semantics.
+
+Second, a user who has opted into using a prerelease version has
+clearly indicated the intent to use *that specific* set of
+alpha/beta/rc versions. By including a prerelease tag in the range,
+the user is indicating that they are aware of the risk. However, it
+is still not appropriate to assume that they have opted into taking a
+similar risk on the *next* set of prerelease versions.
+
+Note that this behavior can be suppressed (treating all prerelease
+versions as if they were normal versions, for the purpose of range
+matching) by setting the `includePrerelease` flag on the options
+object to any
+[functions](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#functions) that do
+range matching.
+
+#### Prerelease Identifiers
+
+The method `.inc` takes an additional `identifier` string argument that
+will append the value of the string as a prerelease identifier:
+
+```javascript
+semver.inc('1.2.3', 'prerelease', 'beta')
+// '1.2.4-beta.0'
+```
+
+command-line example:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.3 -i prerelease --preid beta
+1.2.4-beta.0
+```
+
+Which then can be used to increment further:
+
+```bash
+$ semver 1.2.4-beta.0 -i prerelease
+1.2.4-beta.1
+```
+
+### Advanced Range Syntax
+
+Advanced range syntax desugars to primitive comparators in
+deterministic ways.
+
+Advanced ranges may be combined in the same way as primitive
+comparators using white space or `||`.
+
+#### Hyphen Ranges `X.Y.Z - A.B.C`
+
+Specifies an inclusive set.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.3 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the first version in the inclusive
+range, then the missing pieces are replaced with zeroes.
+
+* `1.2 - 2.3.4` := `>=1.2.0 <=2.3.4`
+
+If a partial version is provided as the second version in the
+inclusive range, then all versions that start with the supplied parts
+of the tuple are accepted, but nothing that would be greater than the
+provided tuple parts.
+
+* `1.2.3 - 2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.4.0`
+* `1.2.3 - 2` := `>=1.2.3 <3.0.0`
+
+#### X-Ranges `1.2.x` `1.X` `1.2.*` `*`
+
+Any of `X`, `x`, or `*` may be used to "stand in" for one of the
+numeric values in the `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+* `*` := `>=0.0.0` (Any version satisfies)
+* `1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Matching major version)
+* `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Matching major and minor versions)
+
+A partial version range is treated as an X-Range, so the special
+character is in fact optional.
+
+* `""` (empty string) := `*` := `>=0.0.0`
+* `1` := `1.x.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `1.2` := `1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0`
+
+#### Tilde Ranges `~1.2.3` `~1.2` `~1`
+
+Allows patch-level changes if a minor version is specified on the
+comparator. Allows minor-level changes if not.
+
+* `~1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.3 <1.3.0`
+* `~1.2` := `>=1.2.0 <1.(2+1).0` := `>=1.2.0 <1.3.0` (Same as `1.2.x`)
+* `~1` := `>=1.0.0 <(1+1).0.0` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0` (Same as `1.x`)
+* `~0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `~0.2` := `>=0.2.0 <0.(2+1).0` := `>=0.2.0 <0.3.0` (Same as `0.2.x`)
+* `~0` := `>=0.0.0 <(0+1).0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0` (Same as `0.x`)
+* `~1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <1.3.0` Note that prereleases in
+ the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+ equal to `beta.2`. So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+ `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+ different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+
+#### Caret Ranges `^1.2.3` `^0.2.5` `^0.0.4`
+
+Allows changes that do not modify the left-most non-zero element in the
+`[major, minor, patch]` tuple. In other words, this allows patch and
+minor updates for versions `1.0.0` and above, patch updates for
+versions `0.X >=0.1.0`, and *no* updates for versions `0.0.X`.
+
+Many authors treat a `0.x` version as if the `x` were the major
+"breaking-change" indicator.
+
+Caret ranges are ideal when an author may make breaking changes
+between `0.2.4` and `0.3.0` releases, which is a common practice.
+However, it presumes that there will *not* be breaking changes between
+`0.2.4` and `0.2.5`. It allows for changes that are presumed to be
+additive (but non-breaking), according to commonly observed practices.
+
+* `^1.2.3` := `>=1.2.3 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.2.3` := `>=0.2.3 <0.3.0`
+* `^0.0.3` := `>=0.0.3 <0.0.4`
+* `^1.2.3-beta.2` := `>=1.2.3-beta.2 <2.0.0` Note that prereleases in
+ the `1.2.3` version will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+ equal to `beta.2`. So, `1.2.3-beta.4` would be allowed, but
+ `1.2.4-beta.2` would not, because it is a prerelease of a
+ different `[major, minor, patch]` tuple.
+* `^0.0.3-beta` := `>=0.0.3-beta <0.0.4` Note that prereleases in the
+ `0.0.3` version *only* will be allowed, if they are greater than or
+ equal to `beta`. So, `0.0.3-pr.2` would be allowed.
+
+When parsing caret ranges, a missing `patch` value desugars to the
+number `0`, but will allow flexibility within that value, even if the
+major and minor versions are both `0`.
+
+* `^1.2.x` := `>=1.2.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+* `^0.0` := `>=0.0.0 <0.1.0`
+
+A missing `minor` and `patch` values will desugar to zero, but also
+allow flexibility within those values, even if the major version is
+zero.
+
+* `^1.x` := `>=1.0.0 <2.0.0`
+* `^0.x` := `>=0.0.0 <1.0.0`
+
+### Range Grammar
+
+Putting all this together, here is a Backus-Naur grammar for ranges,
+for the benefit of parser authors:
+
+```bnf
+range-set ::= range ( logical-or range ) *
+logical-or ::= ( ' ' ) * '||' ( ' ' ) *
+range ::= hyphen | simple ( ' ' simple ) * | ''
+hyphen ::= partial ' - ' partial
+simple ::= primitive | partial | tilde | caret
+primitive ::= ( '<' | '>' | '>=' | '<=' | '=' ) partial
+partial ::= xr ( '.' xr ( '.' xr qualifier ? )? )?
+xr ::= 'x' | 'X' | '*' | nr
+nr ::= '0' | ['1'-'9'] ( ['0'-'9'] ) *
+tilde ::= '~' partial
+caret ::= '^' partial
+qualifier ::= ( '-' pre )? ( '+' build )?
+pre ::= parts
+build ::= parts
+parts ::= part ( '.' part ) *
+part ::= nr | [-0-9A-Za-z]+
+```
+
+## Functions
+
+All methods and classes take a final `options` object argument. All
+options in this object are `false` by default. The options supported
+are:
+
+- `loose` Be more forgiving about not-quite-valid semver strings.
+ (Any resulting output will always be 100% strict compliant, of
+ course.) For backwards compatibility reasons, if the `options`
+ argument is a boolean value instead of an object, it is interpreted
+ to be the `loose` param.
+- `includePrerelease` Set to suppress the [default
+ behavior](https://github.com/npm/node-semver#prerelease-tags) of
+ excluding prerelease tagged versions from ranges unless they are
+ explicitly opted into.
+
+Strict-mode Comparators and Ranges will be strict about the SemVer
+strings that they parse.
+
+* `valid(v)`: Return the parsed version, or null if it's not valid.
+* `inc(v, release)`: Return the version incremented by the release
+ type (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`,
+ `prepatch`, or `prerelease`), or null if it's not valid
+ * `premajor` in one call will bump the version up to the next major
+ version and down to a prerelease of that major version.
+ `preminor`, and `prepatch` work the same way.
+ * If called from a non-prerelease version, the `prerelease` will work the
+ same as `prepatch`. It increments the patch version, then makes a
+ prerelease. If the input version is already a prerelease it simply
+ increments it.
+* `prerelease(v)`: Returns an array of prerelease components, or null
+ if none exist. Example: `prerelease('1.2.3-alpha.1') -> ['alpha', 1]`
+* `major(v)`: Return the major version number.
+* `minor(v)`: Return the minor version number.
+* `patch(v)`: Return the patch version number.
+* `intersects(r1, r2, loose)`: Return true if the two supplied ranges
+ or comparators intersect.
+* `parse(v)`: Attempt to parse a string as a semantic version, returning either
+ a `SemVer` object or `null`.
+
+### Comparison
+
+* `gt(v1, v2)`: `v1 > v2`
+* `gte(v1, v2)`: `v1 >= v2`
+* `lt(v1, v2)`: `v1 < v2`
+* `lte(v1, v2)`: `v1 <= v2`
+* `eq(v1, v2)`: `v1 == v2` This is true if they're logically equivalent,
+ even if they're not the exact same string. You already know how to
+ compare strings.
+* `neq(v1, v2)`: `v1 != v2` The opposite of `eq`.
+* `cmp(v1, comparator, v2)`: Pass in a comparison string, and it'll call
+ the corresponding function above. `"==="` and `"!=="` do simple
+ string comparison, but are included for completeness. Throws if an
+ invalid comparison string is provided.
+* `compare(v1, v2)`: Return `0` if `v1 == v2`, or `1` if `v1` is greater, or `-1` if
+ `v2` is greater. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `rcompare(v1, v2)`: The reverse of compare. Sorts an array of versions
+ in descending order when passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `compareBuild(v1, v2)`: The same as `compare` but considers `build` when two versions
+ are equal. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+ `v2` is greater. Sorts in ascending order if passed to `Array.sort()`.
+* `diff(v1, v2)`: Returns difference between two versions by the release type
+ (`major`, `premajor`, `minor`, `preminor`, `patch`, `prepatch`, or `prerelease`),
+ or null if the versions are the same.
+
+### Comparators
+
+* `intersects(comparator)`: Return true if the comparators intersect
+
+### Ranges
+
+* `validRange(range)`: Return the valid range or null if it's not valid
+* `satisfies(version, range)`: Return true if the version satisfies the
+ range.
+* `maxSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the highest version in the list
+ that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minSatisfying(versions, range)`: Return the lowest version in the list
+ that satisfies the range, or `null` if none of them do.
+* `minVersion(range)`: Return the lowest version that can possibly match
+ the given range.
+* `gtr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is greater than all the
+ versions possible in the range.
+* `ltr(version, range)`: Return `true` if version is less than all the
+ versions possible in the range.
+* `outside(version, range, hilo)`: Return true if the version is outside
+ the bounds of the range in either the high or low direction. The
+ `hilo` argument must be either the string `'>'` or `'<'`. (This is
+ the function called by `gtr` and `ltr`.)
+* `intersects(range)`: Return true if any of the ranges comparators intersect
+
+Note that, since ranges may be non-contiguous, a version might not be
+greater than a range, less than a range, *or* satisfy a range! For
+example, the range `1.2 <1.2.9 || >2.0.0` would have a hole from `1.2.9`
+until `2.0.0`, so the version `1.2.10` would not be greater than the
+range (because `2.0.1` satisfies, which is higher), nor less than the
+range (since `1.2.8` satisfies, which is lower), and it also does not
+satisfy the range.
+
+If you want to know if a version satisfies or does not satisfy a
+range, use the `satisfies(version, range)` function.
+
+### Coercion
+
+* `coerce(version, options)`: Coerces a string to semver if possible
+
+This aims to provide a very forgiving translation of a non-semver string to
+semver. It looks for the first digit in a string, and consumes all
+remaining characters which satisfy at least a partial semver (e.g., `1`,
+`1.2`, `1.2.3`) up to the max permitted length (256 characters). Longer
+versions are simply truncated (`4.6.3.9.2-alpha2` becomes `4.6.3`). All
+surrounding text is simply ignored (`v3.4 replaces v3.3.1` becomes
+`3.4.0`). Only text which lacks digits will fail coercion (`version one`
+is not valid). The maximum length for any semver component considered for
+coercion is 16 characters; longer components will be ignored
+(`10000000000000000.4.7.4` becomes `4.7.4`). The maximum value for any
+semver component is `Integer.MAX_SAFE_INTEGER || (2**53 - 1)`; higher value
+components are invalid (`9999999999999999.4.7.4` is likely invalid).
+
+If the `options.rtl` flag is set, then `coerce` will return the right-most
+coercible tuple that does not share an ending index with a longer coercible
+tuple. For example, `1.2.3.4` will return `2.3.4` in rtl mode, not
+`4.0.0`. `1.2.3/4` will return `4.0.0`, because the `4` is not a part of
+any other overlapping SemVer tuple.
+
+### Clean
+
+* `clean(version)`: Clean a string to be a valid semver if possible
+
+This will return a cleaned and trimmed semver version. If the provided version is not valid a null will be returned. This does not work for ranges.
+
+ex.
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo')`: `null`
+* `s.clean(' = v 2.1.5-foo', { loose: true })`: `'2.1.5-foo'`
+* `s.clean('=v2.1.5')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean(' =v2.1.5')`: `2.1.5`
+* `s.clean(' 2.1.5 ')`: `'2.1.5'`
+* `s.clean('~1.0.0')`: `null`