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diff --git a/content/tutorial-4.md b/content/tutorial-4.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..fd7db3a --- /dev/null +++ b/content/tutorial-4.md @@ -0,0 +1,123 @@ +--- +title: "Tutorial 4: Connecting two machines over Ethernet" +draft: false +--- + +In this tutorial we will connect two machines over an Ethernet network +using the eth-llc or eth-dix IPCPs. The eth-llc use of the IEEE 802.2 +Link Layer Control (LLC) service type 1 frame header. The eth-dix IPCP +uses DIX (DEC, Intel, Xerox) Ethernet, also known as Ethernet II. Both +provide a connectionless packet service with unacknowledged delivery. + +Make sure that you have an Ouroboros IRM daemon running on both +machines: + +``` +$ sudo irmd --stdout +``` + +The eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs attach to an ethernet interface, which is +specified by its device name. The device name can be found in a number +of ways, we'll use the "ip" command here: + +``` +$ ip a +1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN +group default qlen 1 +link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 +... +2: ens3: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast +state UP group default qlen 1000 +link/ether fa:16:3e:42:00:38 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff +... +3: ens6: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast +state UP group default qlen 1000 +link/ether fa:16:3e:00:76:c2 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff +... +``` + +The output of this command differs between operating systems and +distributions. The interface we need to use in our setup is "ens3" on +both machines, but for you it may be something like "eth0" or +"enp0s7f1" if you are on a wired LAN, or something like "wlan0" or +"wlp2s0" if you are on a Wi-Fi network. For Wi-Fi networks, we +recommend using the eth-dix. + +Usually the interface you will use is the one that has an IP address for +your LAN set. Note that you do not need to have an IP address for this +tutorial, but do make sure the interface is UP. + +Now that we know the interfaces to connect to the network with, let's +start the eth-llc/eth-dix IPCPs. The eth-llc/eth-dix layers don't have +an enrollment phase, all eth-llc IPCPs that are connected to the same +Ethernet, will be part of the layer. For eth-dix IPCPs the layers can be +separated by ethertype. The eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs can only be +bootstrapped, so care must be taken by to provide the same hash +algorithm to all eth-llc and eth-dix IPCPs that should be in the same +network. We use the default (256-bit SHA3) for the hash and 0xa000 for +the Ethertype for the DIX IPCP. For our setup, it's the exact same +command on both machines. You will likely need to set a different +interface name on each machine. The irm tool allows abbreviated commands +(it is modelled after the "ip" command), which we show here (both +commands do the same): + +``` +node0: $ irm ipcp bootstrap type eth-llc name llc layer eth dev ens3 +node1: $ irm i b t eth-llc n llc l eth if ens3 +``` + +Both IRM daemons should acknowledge the creation of the IPCP: + +``` +==26504== irmd(II): Ouroboros IPC Resource Manager daemon started... +==26504== irmd(II): Created IPCP 27317. +==27317== ipcpd/eth-llc(II): Using raw socket device. +==27317== ipcpd/eth-llc(DB): Bootstrapped IPCP over Ethernet with LLC +with pid 27317. +==26504== irmd(II): Bootstrapped IPCP 27317 in layer eth. +``` + +If it failed, you may have mistyped the interface name, or your system +may not have a valid raw packet API. We are using GNU/Linux machines, so +the IPCP announces that it is using a [raw +socket](http://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/socket.2.html) device. On +OS X, the default is a [Berkeley Packet Filter +(BPF)](http://www.manpages.info/macosx/bpf.4.html) device, and on +FreeBSD, the default is a +[netmap](http://info.iet.unipi.it/~luigi/netmap/) device. See the +[compilation options](/compopt) for more information on choosing the +raw packet API. + +The Ethernet layer is ready to use. We will now create a normal layer +on top of it, just like we did over the local layer in the second +tutorial. We are showing some different ways of entering these +commands on the two machines: + +``` +node0: +$ irm ipcp bootstrap type normal name normal_0 layer normal_layer +$ irm bind ipcp normal_0 name normal_0 +$ irm b i normal_0 n normal_layer +$ irm register name normal_layer layer eth +$ irm r n normal_0 l eth +node1: +$ irm ipcp enroll name normal_1 layer normal_layer autobind +$ irm r n normal_layer l eth +$ irm r n normal_1 l eth +``` + +The IPCPs should acknowledge the enrollment in their logs: + +``` +node0: +==27452== enrollment(DB): Enrolling a new neighbor. +==27452== enrollment(DB): Sending enrollment info (47 bytes). +==27452== enrollment(DB): Neighbor enrollment successful. +node1: +==27720== enrollment(DB): Getting boot information. +==27720== enrollment(DB): Received enrollment info (47 bytes). +``` + +You can now continue to set up a management flow and data transfer +flow for the normal layer, like in tutorial 2. This concludes the +fourth tutorial. |